Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that makes bones weak and brittle. Main causes include aging, gender (women are more affected), family history, lack of calcium and vitamin D, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption. Early symptoms are not noticeable, but as the condition worsens, it may lead to fractures, back pain, reduction in height, and a hunched posture. Treatment methods include medication, calcium and vitamin D supplements, exercise, and lifestyle changes. The outlook depends on early diagnosis and treatment, but with proper management, many patients can maintain a good quality of life.