Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and are more likely to fracture. Common causes include: 1. Aging: Bone density decreases as we age. 2. Hormonal changes: Especially in women after menopause, lower estrogen levels can lead to bone loss. 3. Poor lifestyle habits: Lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption increase the risk. 4. Nutritional deficiencies: Diets low in calcium and vitamin D can affect bone health. 5. Genetic factors: A family history of osteoporosis increases the risk. 6. Certain diseases and medications: Such as thyroid disorders and long-term use of steroid medications. Prevention methods include maintaining a balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding poor lifestyle habits.