Osteoporosis is a common bone disease that makes bones weak and more likely to break. Prevention methods include: 1. Ensuring adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D, which are vital for bone health. 2. Engaging in regular weight-bearing exercises such as walking, running, and weightlifting to strengthen bones. 3. Avoiding smoking and limiting alcohol intake, as they can increase the risk of bone loss. 4. Regularly checking bone density, especially for those at risk, such as older adults and postmenopausal women. Treatment methods for osteoporosis include: 1. Medications like bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to slow bone loss and increase bone density. 2. Calcium and vitamin D supplements to ensure adequate nutrients for bone health. 3. Physical therapy and rehabilitation exercises to improve balance and coordination, reducing the risk of falls and fractures. By following these methods, osteoporosis can be effectively prevented and treated, maintaining bone health and reducing the risk of fractures.