### Understanding Osteopenia: Symptoms and Prevention Osteopenia is a condition where bone mineral density is lower than normal but not low enough to be classified as osteoporosis. It's a precursor to osteoporosis and indicates that you have a higher risk of bone fractures. Here’s what you need to know about the symptoms and prevention of osteopenia. #### Symptoms of Osteopenia Osteopenia often has no symptoms. It is usually discovered when a person undergoes a bone density test, also known as a DEXA scan. However, some people might experience the following: - **Bone Pain:** Mild to moderate pain in bones, especially in the spine, hips, and wrists. - **Fractures:** Increased susceptibility to fractures from minor falls or injuries. - **Height Loss:** Gradual loss of height due to vertebral compression fractures. #### Prevention of Osteopenia Preventing osteopenia involves lifestyle changes and sometimes medication. Here are some effective strategies: 1. **Diet:** Ensure a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D. Foods like dairy products, leafy green vegetables, and fortified foods are excellent sources. 2. **Exercise:** Engage in weight-bearing exercises such as walking, jogging, and strength training to maintain bone density. 3. **Avoid Smoking and Excessive Alcohol:** Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can weaken bones. 4. **Bone Density Testing:** Regular bone density tests can help detect osteopenia early, allowing for timely intervention. 5. **Medications:** In some cases, doctors may prescribe medications to help maintain bone density. By understanding the symptoms and taking preventive measures, you can manage osteopenia effectively and reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis.