Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. The symptoms often include back pain, loss of height over time, a stooped posture, and bones that break easily. Complications can include fractures, mainly in the hip, spine, or wrist. Causes of osteoporosis can be a lack of calcium and vitamin D, hormonal changes, and certain medical conditions. Risk factors include age, gender (women are more prone), family history, low body weight, and lifestyle factors such as smoking and lack of exercise. Diagnosis is usually made through bone density tests. Triggers for osteoporosis include menopause in women, low testosterone in men, and certain medications. Treatment often involves medications to strengthen bones, lifestyle changes like diet and exercise, and supplements for calcium and vitamin D. Variations of osteoporosis can include primary and secondary osteoporosis. Diet for osteoporosis should include plenty of calcium and vitamin D, found in dairy products, green leafy vegetables, and fortified foods.