The parathyroid glands are four small glands located in the neck that regulate the levels of calcium and other minerals in the blood. When one or more of these glands become enlarged and produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH), it leads to a condition called hyperparathyroidism, which causes high blood calcium levels. In such cases, a doctor may recommend a parathyroidectomy to remove the enlarged gland(s). There are several surgical methods including traditional surgery, minimally invasive surgery, and transoral surgery, each with its own benefits and risks. Before surgery, doctors will conduct various tests to determine the necessity of the procedure, and post-surgery, regular check-ups are needed to monitor blood calcium levels.