Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle, making them more likely to break. It often affects older adults, especially postmenopausal women. Risk factors include aging, low body weight, smoking, and lack of exercise. Symptoms may not be noticeable until a bone breaks, but some people experience back pain, loss of height, or a stooped posture. Treatment usually involves medications that strengthen bones, such as bisphosphonates, and lifestyle changes like a diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol. Early detection through bone density tests can help manage and prevent the condition.