Osteoporosis is a common bone disease characterized by decreased bone density, making bones fragile and more susceptible to fractures. Preventing osteoporosis includes maintaining a balanced diet, consuming foods rich in calcium and vitamin D, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption. If osteoporosis has already developed, treatment options may include medications, calcium and vitamin D supplements, and appropriate exercise. Regular bone density checks are also important for early detection and management of osteoporosis.