Osteoporosis is a condition where bones become weak and brittle. This makes them more susceptible to fractures even with minor falls or stresses. The main causes of osteoporosis include hormonal changes, particularly in women after menopause, along with inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake. Symptoms are often not noticeable until a bone is fractured. Diagnosis typically involves a bone density test. Treatments focus on slowing bone loss and may include medications, lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise, and supplements like calcium and vitamin D. Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing osteoporosis effectively.