Osteoporosis is a disease that makes bones weak and brittle, often without obvious symptoms until a fracture occurs. Major causes include aging, hormonal changes (such as menopause), lack of calcium and vitamin D, lack of exercise, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Symptoms of osteoporosis may include back pain, gradual loss of height, a hunched posture, and fractures from minor injuries. Treatment methods include medications (such as bisphosphonates), calcium and vitamin D supplements, regular exercise, and a healthy lifestyle. Prevention is also very important. It is recommended to maintain a balanced diet, avoid smoking and alcohol, exercise regularly, and undergo bone density tests. Early detection and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of fractures and improve quality of life.