Osteoporosis is a bone disease that causes a loss of bone density, increasing the risk of fractures. The name comes from Latin, meaning 'porous bones.' Healthy bone has small spaces inside, like a honeycomb. Osteoporosis enlarges these spaces, making the bone weaker and less dense. The outer part of the bone also becomes thinner and weaker. Osteoporosis can occur at any age but is more common in older adults, especially women. People with osteoporosis are at higher risk of fractures during routine activities like standing or walking. The ribs, hips, wrists, and spine are the most commonly affected bones. Early stages of osteoporosis typically have no symptoms, and most people do not know they have it until a fracture occurs. Common causes include certain medical conditions like hyperthyroidism and long-term use of medications such as corticosteroids. Age is the biggest risk factor; as you age, bone breakdown outpaces new bone formation. Women lose bone more rapidly after menopause due to hormonal changes. Treatments for osteoporosis include medications and lifestyle changes, like increasing calcium and vitamin D intake and doing appropriate exercises. Common medications include bisphosphonates, which prevent bone loss.