If you have osteoporosis, you've probably heard of a bone density test. A bone density test is a painless, noninvasive exam that uses X-rays to measure the density of bones, typically scanning key areas like the spine, hips, wrists, fingers, kneecaps, and heels. Doctors may recommend regular bone density tests to monitor how well medications and other treatments are working. While the test itself is not a treatment for osteoporosis, it helps doctors assess the effectiveness of treatments and track changes in bone density. Test results usually include two main scores: T-score and Z-score. The T-score compares your bone density to that of a healthy 30-year-old, while the Z-score compares it to people of your same age, sex, and racial background. Though bone density tests involve X-rays and some radiation exposure, the amount is very small. If you have concerns about repeated radiation exposure, discuss them with your doctor. Bone density tests are not completely accurate in predicting fracture risk but provide valuable information for treatment planning. Regular tests can help doctors evaluate the effectiveness of treatments and adjust plans as needed.